| Ref. principal | Collette, B.B. and C.E. Nauen, 1983 |
|---|---|
| Observaciones | Migrates northward from Florida along the Atlantic coast of the USA to Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island bet. Late Feb.-Jul., and back in fall. It overwinters in Florida. There are schools migrating westwards in early spring, reaching Texas in late March. North-south movements along the Mexican coast occur between Aug.-Nov. and back in Mar.-Apr. Feeds mainly on small fishes (clupeoids and anchovies), few quantities of penaeoid shrimps and cephalopods. Juveniles have a higher percentage of anchovies in their diet than adults. Piscivore (Ref. 57616). Casting, live-bait fishing, jigging, and drift fishing are also employed in capturing this species. Aerial spotting is sometimes used in locating the fish. |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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| Sustrato | |
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| Sustrato Ref. | |
| Hábitats especiales | |
| Hábitats especiales Ref. |
| Referencia | |
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| Asociaciones | |
| Asociado a | |
| Comentarios de la asociación | |
| Parasitismo |
| Tipo De Alimentación | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Tipo de alimentación Ref. | Collette, B.B. and C.E. Nauen, 1983 |
| Hábito De Alimentación | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Hábito alimentario Ref. | Collette, B.B. and C.E. Nauen, 1983 |
| Estimation method | Muestra original | Población no pescada | Observación | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| De la composición de la dieta | 4.53 | 0.53 | 4.42 | 0.70 | Troph of juv./adults from 1 study. |
| De tipos individuales de alimento | 4.32 | 0.71 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| Referencia | Bowman, R.E., C.E. Stillwell, W.L. Michaels and M.D. Grosslein, 2000 | ||||