| প্রধান রেফারেন্স। | Collette, B.B. and C.E. Nauen, 1983 |
|---|---|
| মন্তব্য সমূহ | Often found in outer reef areas. Larvae are encountered in surface waters of 26.3° to 31°C and 26.9 to 35 ppt. Feeds primarily on fishes with smaller quantities of penaeid shrimps and squids. Large schools have been found to migrate over considerable distances along the Atlantic US coast, water temperature permitting. It is an important species for recreational, commercial, and artisanal fisheries throughout its range. Most of the catch is processed into steaks or sold fresh, or sometimes canned and salted. Appears to be present all throughout the year off Louisiana, USA and off the state of Ceará, northeastern Brazil. Migrates over considerable distances along the Atlantic US coast depending on water temperatures. The coastal area from Florida to Massachusetts is inhabited only during the warm months of the year. |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
|
|
|
|
| সাবস্ট্রেট | Hard Bottom; |
|---|---|
| সাবস্ট্রেট রেফারেন্স। | |
| বিশেষ আবাসস্থল | Coral Reefs; |
| বিশেষ আবাসস্থল রেফারেন্স। |
| সূত্র | |
|---|---|
| সমিতি | |
| এর সাথে সম্পর্কিত | |
| সমিতির মন্তব্য | |
| পরজীবীতা |
| খাওয়ানোর ধরণ | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| খাওয়ানোর ধরণ রেফারেন্স। | Collette, B.B. and C.E. Nauen, 1983 |
| খাদ্যাভ্যাস | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| খাওয়ানোর অভ্যাস রেফারেন্স। | Collette, B.B. and C.E. Nauen, 1983 |
| Estimation method | মূল নমুনা | অমাৎস্য প্রজন | মন্তব্য | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| খাদ্যউপাদান হইতে | 4.42 | 0.29 | 4.48 | 0.79 | Troph of juv./adults from 4 studies. |
| পৃথক খাদ্য সামগ্রী হইতে | 4.43 | 0.77 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| সূত্র | Bowman, R.E., C.E. Stillwell, W.L. Michaels and M.D. Grosslein, 2000 | ||||