Main Ref. | Maitland, P.S. and R.N. Campbell, 1992 |
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Remarks | Inhabits cold, well-oxygenated waters of rivers, lakes and reservoirs (Ref. 30578). Anadromous (Ref. 5951). Feeding effort in juveniles is directed toward sub-surface, invertebrate drift (Ref. 28091). It is preyed upon by eels, white perch, yellow perch, chain pickerel, eastern belted kingfisher and American merganser (Ref. 5951). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Acuan | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | Parasites of the species include 22 protozoans, 7 myxosporidians, 5 monogeneids, 28 trematodes, 14 cestodes, 21 nematodes, 7 acanthocephalans, 2 leeches, 1 branchiurid (Argulus and 8 copepods (Ref. 5951). |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Maitland, P.S. and R.N. Campbell, 1992 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Maitland, P.S. and R.N. Campbell, 1992 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 3.31 | 0.00 | 3.16 | 0.42 | Troph of juv./adults from 1 study. |
From individual food items | 3.74 | 0.56 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Acuan | Maitland, P.S. and R.N. Campbell, 1992 |