Ecology Summary - Salmo salar

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Main Ref.	Muus, B.J. and P. Dahlström, 1974
Remarks	Juveniles feed mainly on aquatic insects and crustaceans. At sea the Atlantic salmon is pelagic, usually found feeding near the surface (Ref. 59043) preying on fish and crustaceans (Ref. 35387). May make long distance feeding migrations while at sea (e.g. individuals from European rivers may migrate to rich feeding grounds around the Faeroes Islands and in western Greenland (Ref. 58137)). Adults do not feed in freshwater during the spawning and post-spawning migrations (Refs. 30578, 51442, 59043). Preyed upon by American mergansers, kingfishers, harbor seals, grey seals, sharks, pollock and tuna.

Main Ref.

Muus, B.J. and P. Dahlström, 1974

Remarks

Juveniles feed mainly on aquatic insects and crustaceans. At sea the Atlantic salmon is pelagic, usually found feeding near the surface (Ref. 59043) preying on fish and crustaceans (Ref. 35387). May make long distance feeding migrations while at sea (e.g. individuals from European rivers may migrate to rich feeding grounds around the Faeroes Islands and in western Greenland (Ref. 58137)). Adults do not feed in freshwater during the spawning and post-spawning migrations (Refs. 30578, 51442, 59043). Preyed upon by American mergansers, kingfishers, harbor seals, grey seals, sharks, pollock and tuna.

Aquatic zones / Water bodies

	Marine - Neritic	Marine - Oceanic	Brackishwater	Freshwater
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies	supra-littoral zone littoral zone sublittoral zone	epipelagic mesopelagic epipelagic abyssopelagic hadopelagic	estuaries/lagoons/brackish seas mangroves marshes/swamps	rivers/streams lakes/ponds caves exclusively in caves

Highighted items on the list are where Salmo salar may be found.

Habitat

Substrate
Substrate Ref.
Special habitats
Special habitats Ref.

Associations

Ref.
Associations
Associated with
Association remarks	Parasites found are 2 protozoans, 1 myxosporidians, 2 monogeneids, 13 trematodes, 6 cestodes, 5 nematodes, 4 acanthocephalans, 1 leech, glochidia, Argulus (sea louse) and 2 copepods.
Parasitism

Feeding

Feeding type	mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up)
Feeding type Ref.	Muus, B.J. and P. Dahlström, 1974
Feeding habit	hunting macrofauna (predator)
Feeding habit Ref.	Muus, B.J. and P. Dahlström, 1974

Trophic Level(s)

Estimation method	Original sample		Unfished population		Remark
Estimation method	Troph	s.e.	Troph	s.e.	Remark
From diet composition	4.50	0.26	4.54	0.06	Troph of juv./adults from 7 studies.
From individual food items	3.86	0.81			Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine.
Ref.	Bowman, R.E., C.E. Stillwell, W.L. Michaels and M.D. Grosslein, 2000

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