| 主要參考文獻 | Stehmann, M. and D.L. Bürkel, 1984 |
|---|---|
| 附註 | Benthic over sandy, muddy, and rocky substrates. Recorded at depths from 150-2117m, frequently below 250m. Found in water temperatures between 3.6°C to 6°C. Feeds at a trophic level of 3.85 (Ref. 117245). Occurs in moderately deep water but mainly around 250 m in boreal and partly arctic latitudes. Feeds on all kinds of bottom animals. |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
|
|
|
|
| Substrate | Benthic; Soft Bottom: sand; mud; Hard Bottom: rocky; |
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | Coad, B.W. and J.D. Reist, 2018 |
| Special habitats | |
| Special habitats Ref. |
| 參考文獻 | |
|---|---|
| Associations | |
| Associated with | |
| Association remarks | |
| Parasitism |
| 攝取食物的類型 | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | Stehmann, M. and D.L. Bürkel, 1984 |
| 攝取食物的習慣 | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Feeding habit Ref. | Stehmann, M. and D.L. Bürkel, 1984 |
| Estimation method | 最初的樣本 | 不捕獲族群 | 附註 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| 從食物內容 | |||||
| 從個別的食物項目 | 3.83 | 0.45 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| 參考文獻 | |||||