Main Ref. | Stehmann, M. and D.L. Bürkel, 1984 |
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Remarks | Benthic over sandy, muddy, and rocky substrates. Recorded at depths from 150-2117m, frequently below 250m. Found in water temperatures between 3.6°C to 6°C. Feeds at a trophic level of 3.85 (Ref. 117245). Occurs in moderately deep water but mainly around 250 m in boreal and partly arctic latitudes. Feeds on all kinds of bottom animals. |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Benthic; Soft Bottom: sand; mud; Hard Bottom: rocky; |
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Substrate Ref. | Coad, B.W. and J.D. Reist, 2018 |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Stehmann, M. and D.L. Bürkel, 1984 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Stehmann, M. and D.L. Bürkel, 1984 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 3.83 | 0.45 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. |