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Ecology of Raja clavata
 
Main Ref. Ajayi, T.O., 1982
Remarks Nocturnal predator. Feeds on all kinds of bottom animals (Ref. 3167). Polychaetes and crustaceans are important prey items of smaller individuals, bony fishes become more important prey items of larger individuals (Ref. 28070).

Aquatic zones / Water bodies

Marine - Neritic Marine - Oceanic Brackishwater Freshwater
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies
  • supra-littoral zone
  • littoral zone
  • sublittoral zone
  • epipelagic
  • mesopelagic
  • epipelagic
  • abyssopelagic
  • hadopelagic
  • estuaries/lagoons/brackish seas
  • mangroves
  • marshes/swamps
  • rivers/streams
  • lakes/ponds
  • caves
  • exclusively in caves
Highighted items on the list are where Raja clavata may be found.

Habitat

Substrate
Substrate Ref.
Special habitats
Special habitats Ref.

Associations

Ref.
Associations
Associated with
Association remarks
Parasitism

Feeding

Feeding type mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up)
Feeding type Ref. Ajayi, T.O., 1982
Feeding habit hunting macrofauna (predator)
Feeding habit Ref. Ajayi, T.O., 1982
Trophic Level(s)
Estimation method Original sample Unfished population Remark
Troph s.e. Troph s.e.
From diet composition 3.84 0.17 3.64 0.50 Troph of adults from 9 studies.
From individual food items 4.15 0.95 Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine.
Ref. Daan, N., B. Johnson, J.R. Larsen and H. Sparholt, 1993
(e.g. 346)
(e.g. oophagy)
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