Main Ref. | Coker, G.A., C.B. Portt and C.K. Minns, 2001 |
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Remarks | Inhabits pools with logs and other debris in low- to moderate-gradient, small to large rivers. Also found in lakes and impoundments. Young occur in rocky and sandy runs and riffles. |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Soft Bottom: sand; Hard Bottom: rocky; |
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Substrate Ref. | Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 1991 |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Coker, G.A., C.B. Portt and C.K. Minns, 2001 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Coker, G.A., C.B. Portt and C.K. Minns, 2001 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 3.78 | 0.31 | 4.13 | 0.93 | Troph of juv./adults from 3 studies. |
From individual food items | 3.20 | 0.49 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Minckley, W.L. and J.E. Deacon, 1959 |