Main Ref. | Nielsen, J.G., 1984 |
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Remarks | Inhabits shallow coastal waters. Dwells in muddy and sandy substrates where it buries itself underneath, leaving only its eyes exposed. Ambush predator. Feeds on worms, crabs, shrimp, and small fish. Larvae resemble regular fishes. Changes that occur as it transforms into its benthic adult stage include swimming with its left side facing upwards, color fading from its right side, and twisting of the skull (Ref. 9773). Found on the muddy and sandy trawling grounds of the continental shelf. Feeds on benthic organisms. |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Benthic; Soft Bottom: sand; mud; |
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Substrate Ref. | Al-Abdessalaam, T.Z.S., 1995 |
Special habitats | Coral Reefs; |
Special habitats Ref. | Nguyen, N.T. and V.Q. Nguyen, 2006 |
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Associations | |
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Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Nielsen, J.G., 1984 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Nielsen, J.G., 1984 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 3.39 | 0.42 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. |