Main Ref. | Ida, H. and J. Sakaue, 2001 |
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Remarks | Occurs on rocky substrate deeper than 53 m; in a small group of one dominant male and several females. The harems were on a protected slope with less current but were not on steep cliff, never swimming high above the substrate. Each harem occupies an area about 20-25 m2, no fighting between males on the boundary of 2 harems. Occasionally 2 or 3 males share boundaries. While females swim close to the substrate, the males are more active and swim higher up in the water column. Feeds on plankton about 1 m above the substrate. |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | : rocky; |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | |
Feeding habit | filtering plankton |
Feeding habit Ref. |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 3.40 | 0.45 | Tentative trophic level derived from 1 + troph of a single food item | ||
Ref. |