Main Ref. | Allen, G.R., 1989 |
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Remarks | Inhabits creeks and rivers, usually in cool, clear waters over gravel bottoms in sections alternating between pools and rapids. Often form large schools especially prior to spawning. Feeds on small crustaceans, insects and their larvae and algae. Spawn: Feb.-May; 25,000-68,000 eggs which sink to bottom downstream of spawning site. Hatching: 10-20 days; larvae, 6-7 mm TL, swept downstream to estuaries/sea, return to freshwater after 6 mos. |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
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Associations | |
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Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | plants/detritus+animals (troph. 2.2-2.79) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Allen, G.R., 1989 |
Feeding habit | variable |
Feeding habit Ref. | Allen, G.R., 1989 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 2.75 | 0.34 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. |