| Ref. principal | Bailey, R.G., 1994 |
|---|---|
| Notas | Inhabits rivers and lake fringes, swamps and floodplains (Ref. 28714). Adults and sub-adults occur in open water but they prefer shallow inshore regions, especially the vicinity of swamps (Ref. 34291). Generally becomes more active during the last hours of the day, its activity increases at dusk and probably continues during the night. During the day, this fish regularly leaves its site to approach the surface in order to breathe. It breaks the surface with its large mouth, filling its lungs with air, then allows itself to sink down. Food search involves mud-digging on open bottoms and taking up mouthfuls of dirt and algae which are then spat out (Ref. 42701). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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| Substrato | |
|---|---|
| Substrato Ref. | |
| Special habitats | Beds: algae/seaweed; |
| Habitats especiais Ref. |
| Ref. | |
|---|---|
| Associações | |
| Associado a | |
| Observações da associação | |
| Parasitism |
| Tipo de alimentação | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Tipo de alimentação Ref. | Witte, F. and W. de Winter, 1995 |
| Hábito alimentar | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Hábito alimentar Ref. |
| Estimation method | Amostra original | População virgem (não pescada) | Nota | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| Da composição da dieta | 4.40 | 0.19 | 4.45 | 0.20 | Troph of adults. |
| Dos itens alimentares individuais | 3.43 | 0.69 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| Ref. | Omondi, R., A.W. Yasindi and A.M. Magana, 2013 | ||||