| Main Ref. | Allen, G.R., 1985 |
|---|---|
| Remarks | Found on the continental shelf and continental slope (Ref. 75154). Feeds on zooplankton, fish, cephalopods and benthic invertebrates (Ref. 8925). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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| Substrate | Hard Bottom: rocky; |
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | |
| Special habitats | |
| Special habitats Ref. |
| Ref. | |
|---|---|
| Associations | |
| Associated with | |
| Association remarks | |
| Parasitism |
| Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | Haight, W.R., J.D. Parrish and T.A. Hayes, 1993 |
| Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Feeding habit Ref. | Allen, G.R., 1985 |
| Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| From diet composition | 3.67 | 0.20 | 3.88 | 0.57 | Troph of juv./adults from 1 study. |
| From individual food items | 3.71 | 0.50 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| Ref. | Haight, W.R., J.D. Parrish and T.A. Hayes, 1993 | ||||