| Rif. principale. | Clarke, M.R. and J.D. Stevens, 1974 |
|---|---|
| Osservazioni | Found worldwide in tropical and temperate seas; a pelagic species, sometimes advancing into coastal waters (Ref. 9137). Occurs on the continental shelf (Ref. 75154). Prefer temperatures of 7-16°C; usually found in deeper waters in the tropics (Ref. 5951). A carnivore (Ref. 9137). Parasites of the species include: Hepatoxylon squali pleurocercoid, Phyllobothrium dagnallium, Phyllobothrium sp. and Platybothrium parvum (Ref. 5951). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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| Substrato | |
|---|---|
| Substrato Rif. | |
| Habitat speciali | Coral Reefs; |
| Habitat speciali Rif. | Nguyen, N.T. and V.Q. Nguyen, 2006 |
| Fonte Biblio. | |
|---|---|
| Associazioni | |
| Associato a | |
| Osservazioni dell'associazione | |
| Parassitismo |
| Tipo di alimentazione | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Tipo di alimentazione Rif. | Harvey, J.T., 1989 |
| Abitudini alimentari | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Abitudini alimentari Rif. | Clarke, M.R. and J.D. Stevens, 1974 |
| Estimation method | Campione originale | Popolazione non pescata | Commento | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| Dalla composizione della dieta | 4.35 | 0.19 | 4.21 | 0.65 | Troph of juv./adults from 4 studies. |
| Da singoli alimenti | 4.37 | 0.83 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| Fonte Biblio. | Harvey, J.T., 1989 | ||||