Ecology of Pleuronichthys verticalis
 
Main Ref. Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann, 1983
Remarks Inhabits soft bottoms.

Aquatic zones / Water bodies

Marine - Neritic Marine - Oceanic Brackishwater Freshwater
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies
  • supra-littoral zone
  • littoral zone
  • sublittoral zone
  • epipelagic
  • mesopelagic
  • epipelagic
  • abyssopelagic
  • hadopelagic
  • estuaries/lagoons/brackish seas
  • mangroves
  • marshes/swamps
  • rivers/streams
  • lakes/ponds
  • caves
  • exclusively in caves
Highighted items on the list are where Pleuronichthys verticalis may be found.

Habitat

Substrate
Substrate Ref.
Special habitats
Special habitats Ref.

Associations

ссылка
Associations
Associated with
Association remarks
Parasitism

Feeding

Feeding type mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up)
Feeding type Ref. Cross, J.N., J. Roney and G.S. Kleppel, 1985
Feeding habit hunting macrofauna (predator)
Feeding habit Ref. Cross, J.N., J. Roney and G.S. Kleppel, 1985
Trophic Level(s)
Estimation method Original sample Unfished population Замечание
Troph s.e. Troph s.e.
From diet composition
From individual food items 3.10 0.32 Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine.
ссылка
(например 346)
(например oophagy)
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