Main Ref. | Allen, G.R. and A.R. Emery, 1985 |
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Remarks | Occurs inshore (Ref. 75154). Diurnal species (Ref. 113699). Adults inhabit rocky and coral reefs exposed to mild to moderate surge (Ref. 9710). Benthopelagic (Ref. 58302). They occur solitary among boulders (Ref. 48636). Territorial in areas where filamentous algae cover rocks and dead coral (Ref. 9710). Monogamous (Ref. 52884). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Soft Bottom: sand; mud; Hard Bottom: rocky; |
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Substrate Ref. | Letourneur, Y., P. Chabanet, P. Durville, M. Taquet, E. Teissier, M. Parmentier, J.-C. Quéro and K. Pothin, 2004 |
Special habitats | Coral Reefs; |
Special habitats Ref. | Nguyen, N.T. and V.Q. Nguyen, 2006 |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly plants/detritus (troph. 2-2.19) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Randall, J.E., 1985 |
Feeding habit | grazing on aquatic plants |
Feeding habit Ref. |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 2.16 | 0.10 | 2.38 | 0.05 | Troph of juv./adults from 1 study. |
From individual food items | 2.00 | 0.00 | Trophic level and s.e. inferred from exclusive plant/detritus food items. | ||
Ref. | Hobson, E.S., 1974 |