Main Ref. | Sazima, I., 1983 |
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Remarks | Scale-eating behavior was suggested to originate from modified predation, grazing on epibionts or from aggressive behavior. Feeds on fish scale (Ref. 40115). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | : rocky; |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Kohda, M., Y. Yanagisawa, T. Sato, K. Nakaya, Y. Niimura, K. Matsumoto and H. Ochi, 1996 |
Feeding habit | |
Feeding habit Ref. |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 4.30 | 0.77 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. |