Main Ref. | Rainboth, W.J., 1996 |
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Remarks | Reported to spawn in rice-paddies during the rainy season (Ref. 12693). In India, this species burrows into and through the embankments of paddy fields and salt pans near estuaries. The paddy fields are damaged by the burrows allowing salt water to enter and the crops to wither. It prefers a substrate which consist of a good mixture of sand, silt, and clay. It shows a tidal locomotory rhythm. It comes to the surface of the mud at high tide to feed, when some degree of exposure to the overlying water may occur (Ref. 42330). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Benthic; |
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Substrate Ref. | Hoese, D.F., D.J. Bray, J.R. Paxton and G.R. Allen, 2006 |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Rainboth, W.J., 1996 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 4.03 | 0.71 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. |