| Thông tin chủ yếu | Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986 |
|---|---|
| Các chú thích | Found mostly over mud bottoms in estuaries and coastal waters to about 40 m depth. A cryptic species; tolerates low salinities; occurs frequently in brackish bays and estuaries, even on occasion in fresh water. Feeds chiefly on fishes, also on crabs and shrimps. Juveniles take mainly small bottom-living invertebrates. |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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| Substrate | |
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | |
| Special habitats | |
| Special habitats Ref. |
| Tài liệu tham khảo | |
|---|---|
| Associations | |
| Associated with | |
| Association remarks | |
| Parasitism |
| Dạng thức ăn | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986 |
| Nơi ăn mồi | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Feeding habit Ref. | Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986 |
| Estimation method | Mẫu nguyên thủy (gốc) | Chủng quần không được khai thác | Chú thích | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| Từ thành phần dinh dưỡng | 3.58 | 0.58 | |||
| Từ các loại thức ăn | 3.48 | 0.48 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| Tài liệu tham khảo | Minello, T.J., R.J. Zimmerman and T.E. Czapla, 1989 | ||||