Main Ref. | Randall, J.E. and E.A. Lachner, 1986 |
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Remarks | Nocturnal species (Ref. 75154) which is found in caves or other projections in the vicinity of coral reefs (Ref. 9137, 58534). Exhibits the black gut phenomenon. In nocturnal predators, it appears to serve to conceal bioluminiscent prey in the stomach cavity (Ref. 46685). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | Beds: sea grass; Coral Reefs; |
Special habitats Ref. | Broad, G., 2003 |
Ref. | Claereboudt, M.R., 2019 |
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Associations | commensalism; |
Associated with | Diadema setosum. |
Association remarks | Uses Diadema setosum for protection. |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Sano, M., M. Shimizu and Y. Nose, 1984 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Sano, M., M. Shimizu and Y. Nose, 1984 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 3.57 | 0.39 | 3.38 | 0.34 | Troph of juv./adults from 1 study. |
From individual food items | 3.54 | 0.50 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Sano, M., M. Shimizu and Y. Nose, 1984 |