Main Ref. | Randall, J.E., 1998 |
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Remarks | Lives in caves (Ref. 9137, 122680) and other projections (Ref. 9137). Exhibits the black gut phenomenon. In nocturnal predators, it appears to serve to conceal bioluminiscent prey in the stomach cavity (Ref. 46685). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Randall, J.E., 1998 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Masuda, H. and G.R. Allen, 1993 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 3.54 | 0.47 | 3.43 | 0.41 | Troph of juv./adults from 1 study. |
From individual food items | 3.50 | 0.50 | Tentative trophic level derived from 1 + troph of a single food item | ||
Ref. | Randall, J.E., 1998 |