主要參考文獻 | Masuda, H. and G.R. Allen, 1993 |
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附註 | Found to inhabit caves and under projections in rocky reefs (Ref. 9137); also in coral reefs (Ref. 58534). Nocturnal species (Refs. 75154, 9773). Exhibit the black gut phenomenon. In nocturnal predators, they appear to serve to conceal bioluminiscent prey in the stomach cavity (Ref. 46685). Forages along reefs (Ref. 9773). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Benthic; Hard Bottom: rocky; |
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Substrate Ref. | Masuda, H. and G.R. Allen, 1993 |
Special habitats | Beds: sea grass; Coral Reefs; |
Special habitats Ref. | Gell, F.R. and M.W. Whittington, 2002 |
參考文獻 | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
攝取食物的類型 | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Masuda, H. and G.R. Allen, 1993 |
攝取食物的習慣 | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Masuda, H. and G.R. Allen, 1993 |
Estimation method | 最初的樣本 | 不捕獲族群 | 附註 | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
從食物內容 | |||||
從個別的食物項目 | 3.64 | 0.54 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
參考文獻 |