| Ref. principal | Darcy, G.H., 1983 |
|---|---|
| Notas | Juveniles have a habit of burrowing in or lying on sand bottom. Prey size and selection vary with growth stage. Adults are primarily benthic feeders, juveniles feed largely on plankton in the water column. Feeds mainly at night. Have been reported from a wide range of temperatures and salinities but apparently have only a limited tolerance to extremes of either.(Ref. 25). See Ref. 42268. |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
|
|
|
|
| Substrato | Soft Bottom Hard Bottom: rocky; |
|---|---|
| Substrato Ref. | |
| Habitats especiais | Beds: sea grass; Coral Reefs; |
| Habitats especiais Ref. |
| Ref. | |
|---|---|
| Associações | |
| Associada com | |
| Comentários sobre associação | |
| Parasitismo |
| Tipo de alimentação | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Tipo de alimentação Ref. | Darcy, G.H., 1983 |
| Hábito alimentar | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Hábito de alimentação Ref. | Darcy, G.H., 1983 |
| Estimation method | Amostra original | População virgem (não pescada) | Nota | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| Da composição da dieta | 3.42 | 3.40 | 0.25 | Troph of adults from 1 study. | |
| Dos itens alimentares individuais | 3.39 | 0.47 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| Ref. | Bowman, R.E., C.E. Stillwell, W.L. Michaels and M.D. Grosslein, 2000 | ||||