| Ref. principal | Langton, R.W. and R.E. Bowman, 1980 |
|---|---|
| Notas | Most common in 90-700 m but found in shallower areas with cold surface waters; with size-related depth distribution; catches increase with depth and peak catches during the day (Ref. 86779). Taken much shallower in areas with cold surface waters. Feeds primarily on euphausiids, amphipods, and polychaetes, although a 200 mm individual had many copepods in its stomach (Ref. 1371). Consumed primarily benthic organisms (Ref. 51343). It is preyed upon by swordfish (Xiphias gladius). Parasites of the species include 3 myxosporidians, 2 cestodes, 3 nematodes, 3 trematodes, 1 monogenean (Diclidophora nezumiae and 1 acanthocephalan (Ref. 5951). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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| Substrato | |
|---|---|
| Substrato Ref. | |
| Special habitats | |
| Habitats especiais Ref. |
| Ref. | Wayland, M.T., C. Sommerville and D.I. Gibson, 1999 |
|---|---|
| Associações | parasitism; |
| Associado a | Echinorhynchus gadi; Echinorhynchus sp.; |
| Observações da associação | |
| Parasitism |
| Tipo de alimentação | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Tipo de alimentação Ref. | Langton, R.W. and R.E. Bowman, 1980 |
| Hábito alimentar | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Hábito alimentar Ref. | Langton, R.W. and R.E. Bowman, 1980 |
| Estimation method | Amostra original | População virgem (não pescada) | Nota | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| Da composição da dieta | 3.34 | 0.13 | 3.46 | 0.31 | Troph of adults from 2 studies. |
| Dos itens alimentares individuais | 3.43 | 0.51 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| Ref. | Langton, R.W. and R.E. Bowman, 1980 | ||||