Main Ref. | Harrison, I.J. and H. Senou, 1997 |
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Remarks | Demersal species (Ref. 121913). Found in freshwater during its first year, seldom thereafter. Forms schools in shallow coastal waters and lower estuaries. Feeds on small crustaceans and molluscs as well as microscopic algae. Spawns near estuary mouths or in the sea (Ref. 9812). Exhibits coastal and offshore spawning (Ref. 121911). Also found in seagrass (Ref. 121912). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Soft Bottom: sand; mud; |
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Substrate Ref. | Hoese, D.F., D.J. Bray, J.R. Paxton and G.R. Allen, 2006 |
Special habitats | Beds: sea grass; |
Special habitats Ref. | Gray, C.A., D.J. McElligott and R.C. Chick, 1996 |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | plants/detritus+animals (troph. 2.2-2.79) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Bathia, U. and T. Wongratana, 1974 |
Feeding habit | variable |
Feeding habit Ref. | Bathia, U. and T. Wongratana, 1974 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 3.08 | 0.41 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. |