| 主要參考文獻 | Fernholm, B., 1998 |
|---|---|
| 附註 | Scavengers which are found on muddy bottoms; feed largely on dead or disabled fish by boring into its skin. Eggs are few and large (20 - 30 mm). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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| Substrate | |
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | |
| Special habitats | |
| Special habitats Ref. |
| 參考文獻 | |
|---|---|
| Associations | |
| Associated with | |
| Association remarks | |
| Parasitism |
| 攝取食物的類型 | plants/detritus+animals (troph. 2.2-2.79) |
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | Fernholm, B., 1998 |
| 攝取食物的習慣 | feeding on dead animals (scavenger) |
| Feeding habit Ref. | Fernholm, B., 1998 |
| Estimation method | 最初的樣本 | 不捕獲族群 | 附註 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| 從食物內容 | |||||
| 從個別的食物項目 | 3.34 | 0.56 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| 參考文獻 | |||||