Main Ref. | Masuda, H. and G.R. Allen, 1993 |
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Remarks | Inhabit protected waters at depths greater than 25 m, often in silty reef areas than well developed coral reefs with clear water (Ref. 12419); also in rocky reefs (Ref. 9137). Their selected biotope (ring-shaped coral pockets), unlike linear crevice in a rock or coral, enables the fish to escape currents of any orientation arising from tidal and wave cumulation (Ref. 57783). A nocturnal species (Ref. 75154); tends to hide in caves or crevices during the day. Usually seen in pairs, but occasionally schools in some oceanic locations (Ref. 48635). An individual was observed hovering around a dead coral in the middle of a sandy bottom habitat (Ref. 120711). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Soft Bottom: silt; Hard Bottom: rocky; |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | Coral Reefs; |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | Usually seen in pairs, but occasionally schools in some oceanic locations (Ref. 48635). |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Masuda, H. and G.R. Allen, 1993 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Masuda, H. and G.R. Allen, 1993 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 4.00 | 0.66 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. |