| المرجع الرئيسي | Randall, J.E., 1967 |
|---|---|
| ملاحظات | Found over sandy areas of lagoon and seaward reefs (Ref. 9710). Juveniles are common in seagrass beds (Ref. 9710). Often in schools (Ref. 26938). Forms schools with the smallmouth grunt (Haemulon chrysargyreum), an association regarded as social protective mimicry (Ref. 52492). Feeds on benthic invertebrates (Ref. 7313). Feeds mostly on benthic organisms (Ref. 33, 26338). Microinvertivore (Ref. 33499, 057616). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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| Substrate | : sand; |
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | |
| Special habitats | Beds: sea grass; Coral Reefs: lagoons; |
| Special habitats Ref. | Lieske, E. and R. Myers, 1994 |
| مرجع | Smith, C.L., 1997 |
|---|---|
| Associations | schooling; |
| Associated with | Cleaned by Pederson's cleaner shrimp (Periclimenes pedersoni), goby (Gobiosoma evelynae), and wrasse (Thalassoma trifasciatum) as observed on the coral reefs in Bonaire, Netherlands Antilles (Ref. 36810). |
| Association remarks | |
| Parasitism |
| نوع التغذية | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | Randall, J.E., 1967 |
| العادات الغذائية | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Feeding habit Ref. | Dominici-Arosemena, A. and M. Wolff, 2005 |
| Estimation method | العينة الأصلية | مجتمعات لم يتم صيدها | ملاحظة | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| من التركيبة الغذائية | 3.21 | 0.13 | 3.15 | 0.30 | Troph of juv./adults from 3 studies. |
| من العناصر الغذائية المفردة | 3.50 | 0.37 | Tentative trophic level derived from 1 + troph of a single food item | ||
| مرجع | Randall, J.E., 1967 | ||||