| المرجع الرئيسي. | Randall, J.E., 1967 |
|---|---|
| ملاحظات | Inhabit sandy coasts and littoral pools but also occurs in muddy bottoms of brackish lagoons and estuaries. Sometimes penetrate rivers. May also be found on coral reefs (Ref. 9710). Juveniles are common in coastal waters and are known to find their way to estuaries and coastal lagoons. Growth in juveniles is moderate (30-40 cm in 4 years). Feed on microscopic or filamentous algae and small juveniles of planktonic organisms (Ref. 9626). Juveniles and adults both feed on algae and detritus (Ref. 26987, 33). Herbivore (Ref. 40102). Mud-eaters that swim near the bottom when feeding, and scoop up and ingest portions of substrate containing their food (Ref. 40396). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
|
|
|
|
| الركيزة | Soft Bottom: mud; |
|---|---|
| مرجع الركيزة. | |
| الموائل الخاصة | Coral Reefs; |
| الموائل الخاصة المرجع. | Lieske, E. and R. Myers, 1994 |
| مرجع | Harrison, I.J., 1995 |
|---|---|
| الجمعيات | schooling; |
| مرتبط بـ | |
| ملاحظات الجمعية | Adults form schools (Ref. 9321). |
| التطفل |
| نوع التغذية | mainly plants/detritus (troph. 2-2.19) |
|---|---|
| نوع التغذية المرجع. | Randall, J.E., 1967 |
| العادات الغذائية | grazing on aquatic plants |
| عادة التغذية المرجع. | Gómez-Canchong, P., L. Manjarrés M., L.O. Duarte and J. Altamar, 2004 |
| Estimation method | العينة الأصلية | مجتمعات لم يتم صيدها | ملاحظة | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| من التركيبة الغذائية | 2.01 | 0.00 | Troph of juv./adults from 2 studies. | ||
| من العناصر الغذائية المفردة | 2.42 | 0.22 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| مرجع | Gómez-Canchong, P., L. Manjarrés M., L.O. Duarte and J. Altamar, 2004 | ||||