Main Ref. | Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986 |
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Remarks | Occurs in midwater over the continental slope. Mostly found from 365-550 m depth, but enters shallower water in the northern part of range (Ref. 7251). Bathypelagic (Ref. 58426). Feeds on foraminifera, copepods, and ostracods (Ref. 9731). It is preyed upon by redfish, Sebastes marinus. Parasite of the species is known to be a digenetic trematode (Ref. 5951). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Mauchline, J. and J.D.M. Gordon, 1984 |
Feeding habit | variable |
Feeding habit Ref. | Mauchline, J. and J.D.M. Gordon, 1984 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 3.00 | Troph of adults from 1 study. | |||
From individual food items | 3.26 | 0.40 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Bowman, R.E., C.E. Stillwell, W.L. Michaels and M.D. Grosslein, 2000 |