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Ecology of Malacocephalus occidentalis
 
Main Ref. Macpherson, E. and B.A. Roel, 1987
Remarks Inhabits warm to temperate waters on the continental slope (Ref. 2683). Benthic species found along the slope of both margins of the South Atlantic (Ref. 1371). Caught mostly at depths >350 m (Ref. 54164). Feeds on pelagic crustaceans (Ref. 27637, 58748).

Aquatic zones / Water bodies

Marine - Neritic Marine - Oceanic Brackishwater Freshwater
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies
  • supra-littoral zone
  • littoral zone
  • sublittoral zone
  • epipelagic
  • mesopelagic
  • epipelagic
  • abyssopelagic
  • hadopelagic
  • estuaries/lagoons/brackish seas
  • mangroves
  • marshes/swamps
  • rivers/streams
  • lakes/ponds
  • caves
  • exclusively in caves
Highighted items on the list are where Malacocephalus occidentalis may be found.

Habitat

Substrate : demersal;
Substrate Ref.
Special habitats
Special habitats Ref.

Associations

Ref. Wayland, M.T., C. Sommerville and D.I. Gibson, 1999
Associations parasitism;
Associated with Echinorhynchus sp.;
Association remarks
Parasitism

Feeding

Feeding type mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up)
Feeding type Ref. Macpherson, E. and B.A. Roel, 1987
Feeding habit selective plankton feeding
Feeding habit Ref. Macpherson, E., 1989
Trophic Level(s)
Estimation method Original sample Unfished population Remark
Troph s.e. Troph s.e.
From diet composition 3.87 0.23 3.54 0.46 Troph of juv./adults from 4 studies.
From individual food items 3.16 0.36 Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine.
Ref. Muto, E.Y., M.H.C. da Silva, G.R. Vera, S.S.M. Leite, D.G. Navarro and C.L.D.B. Rossi-Wongtschowski, 2005
(e.g. 346)
(e.g. oophagy)
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