| Ref. principal | Allen, G.R., 1985 |
|---|---|
| Notas | Inhabits clear shallow waters over rocky bottoms in the vicinity of coral reefs, less frequently in sandy or seagrass areas. Often forms large aggregations during the day. Feeds at night mainly on small fish, shrimps, crabs and cephalopods. Carnivore (Ref. 57616). Predominantly inhabits patch reefs (Ref. 128694). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
|
|
|
|
| Substrato | Hard Bottom: rocky; |
|---|---|
| Substrato Ref. | |
| Special habitats | Beds: sea grass; Coral Reefs; |
| Habitats especiais Ref. | Harper, L.M., J.S. Lefcheck, R. Whippo, M.S. Jones, Z. Foltz and J.E. Duffy, 2022 |
| Ref. | |
|---|---|
| Associações | |
| Associado a | Cleaned by scarlet striped cleaner shrimp (Lysmata grabhami) and goby (Gobiosoma evelynae and others) as observed on the coral reefs in Bonaire, Netherlands Antilles (Ref. 36810). |
| Observações da associação | |
| Parasitism |
| Tipo de alimentação | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Tipo de alimentação Ref. | Allen, G.R., 1985 |
| Hábito alimentar | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Hábito alimentar Ref. | Allen, G.R., 1985 |
| Estimation method | Amostra original | População virgem (não pescada) | Nota | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| Da composição da dieta | 4.33 | 0.44 | 4.23 | 0.68 | Troph of juv./adults from 2 studies. |
| Dos itens alimentares individuais | 3.98 | 0.60 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| Ref. | Randall, J.E., 1967 | ||||