Ecology Summary - Lutjanus apodus

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Main Ref.	Allen, G.R., 1985
Remarks	Occurs in shallow, clear, warm, coastal waters over coral reefs. Often near the shelter of elkhorn corals and gorgonians (Ref. 9710). Juveniles are encountered over sand bottoms with or without seagrass (Thalassia), and over muddy bottoms of lagoons or mangrove areas (Also Ref. 128694). Young sometimes enter brackishwaters. Sometimes forms resting aggregations during the day. Feeds on fishes, shrimps, crabs, worms, gastropods and cephalopods. Carnivore (Ref. 57616).

Main Ref.

Allen, G.R., 1985

Remarks

Occurs in shallow, clear, warm, coastal waters over coral reefs. Often near the shelter of elkhorn corals and gorgonians (Ref. 9710). Juveniles are encountered over sand bottoms with or without seagrass (Thalassia), and over muddy bottoms of lagoons or mangrove areas (Also Ref. 128694). Young sometimes enter brackishwaters. Sometimes forms resting aggregations during the day. Feeds on fishes, shrimps, crabs, worms, gastropods and cephalopods. Carnivore (Ref. 57616).

Aquatic zones / Water bodies

	Marine - Neritic	Marine - Oceanic	Brackishwater	Freshwater
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies	supra-littoral zone littoral zone sublittoral zone	epipelagic mesopelagic epipelagic abyssopelagic hadopelagic	estuaries/lagoons/brackish seas mangroves marshes/swamps	rivers/streams lakes/ponds caves exclusively in caves

Highighted items on the list are where Lutjanus apodus may be found.

Habitat

Substrate	Soft Bottom: sand; mud;
Substrate Ref.
Special habitats	Beds: sea grass; Coral Reefs;
Special habitats Ref.

Associations

Ref.
Associations
Associated with	Cleaned by Pederson's cleaner shrimp (Periclimenes pedersoni), goby (Gobiosoma evelynae and others), and hogfish (Bodianus rufus) as observed on the coral reefs in Bonaire, Netherlands Antilles (Ref. 36810).
Association remarks
Parasitism

Feeding

Feeding type	mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up)
Feeding type Ref.	Sierra, L.M., R. Claro and O.A. Popova, 1994
Feeding habit	hunting macrofauna (predator)
Feeding habit Ref.	Dominici-Arosemena, A. and M. Wolff, 2005

Trophic Level(s)

Estimation method	Original sample		Unfished population		Remark
Estimation method	Troph	s.e.	Troph	s.e.	Remark
From diet composition	4.25	0.43	4.06	0.65	Troph of juv./adults from 2 studies.
From individual food items	3.76	0.57			Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine.
Ref.	Randall, J.E., 1967

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