| ເອກະສານອ້າງອີງຫຼັກ | Mohsin, A.K.M., M.A. Ambak, M.Z.B.M. Said, M. Sakiam and S. Hayase, 1986 |
|---|---|
| ຂໍ້ສັງເກດ | Inhabits offshore reefs (Ref. 9563). Demersal fish and a carnivore (Ref. 42247). Feeds on benthic invertebrates. Dwells in benthic sandy substrates (Ref. 127989). Inhabits shallow waters, over scattered reefs and rocky areas. Scavenger. Feeds on encrusting organisms and floating detritus (Ref. 9773). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
|
|
|
|
| ທາດຍ່ອຍ | Benthic: demersal; Soft Bottom: sand; Hard Bottom: rocky; |
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | Golani, D., E. Azurro, J. Dulčić, E. Massutí and L. Orsi-Relini, 2021 |
| ທີ່ຢູ່ອາໄສພິເສດ | Beds: sea grass; Coral Reefs; |
| ທີ່ຢູ່ອາໄສພິເສດ Ref. | Nguyen, N.T. and V.Q. Nguyen, 2006 |
| ເອກະສານອ້າງອີງ | |
|---|---|
| ສະມາຄົມ | |
| ກ່ຽວຂ້ອງກັບ | |
| ຄໍາເຫັນຂອງສະມາຄົມ | |
| ກາຝາກ |
| ປະເພດການໃຫ້ອາຫານ | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| ປະເພດການໃຫ້ອາຫານ Ref. | Mohsin, A.K.M., M.A. Ambak, M.Z.B.M. Said, M. Sakiam and S. Hayase, 1986 |
| ນິໄສການກິນອາຫານ | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| ນິໄສການໃຫ້ອາຫານ Ref. | Mohsin, A.K.M., M.A. Ambak, M.Z.B.M. Said, M. Sakiam and S. Hayase, 1986 |
| Estimation method | ຕົວຢ່າງຕົ້ນສະບັບ | ປະຊາກອນທີ່ບໍ່ແມ່ນປາ | ຂໍ້ສັງເກດ | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| ຈາກອົງປະກອບຂອງອາຫານ | 3.70 | 0.36 | 3.59 | 0.57 | Troph of juv./adults from 1 study. |
| ຈາກລາຍການອາຫານແຕ່ລະອັນ | 4.01 | 0.68 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| ເອກະສານອ້າງອີງ | Kulbicki, M., Y.-M. Bozec, P. Labrosse, Y. Letourneur, G. Mou-Tham and L. Wantiez, 2005 | ||||