Main Ref. | Randall, J.E., 1967 |
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Remarks | Found on coral reefs (Ref. 12204). Feeds on a wide variety of small bottom invertebrates such as mollusks, crustaceans, worms, sessile tunicates and sponges exposed by a jet of water ejected through the mouth (Ref. 9710). Omnivore (Ref. 57616). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | Coral Reefs; |
Special habitats Ref. | Coad, B.W., 1995 |
Ref. | |
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Associations | solitary; |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | Solitary or in small groups (Ref. 9710). |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Randall, J.E., 1967 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Randall, J.E., 1967 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 3.25 | 0.20 | 3.18 | 0.36 | Troph of juv./adults from 1 study. |
From individual food items | 3.50 | 0.37 | Tentative trophic level derived from 1 + troph of a single food item | ||
Ref. | Randall, J.E., 1967 |