| 主要參考文獻 | Grove, J.S. and R.J. Lavenberg, 1997 |
|---|---|
| 附註 | Tightly packed schools occur along the reef margin of rocky shorelines, from just below the breaking surf to a depth of a few meters, entering estuaries and freshwater. Schools found in caves and in surge channels (Ref. 9710). Feed on free-swimming crustaceans and small fishes at night (Ref. 5213). Utilized fresh or dried salted (Ref. 7271). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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| Substrate | : rocky; |
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | |
| Special habitats | Coral Reefs; |
| Special habitats Ref. | Letourneur, Y., P. Chabanet, P. Durville, M. Taquet, E. Teissier, M. Parmentier, J.-C. Quéro and K. Pothin, 2004 |
| 參考文獻 | |
|---|---|
| Associations | |
| Associated with | |
| Association remarks | |
| Parasitism |
| 攝取食物的類型 | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | Grove, J.S. and R.J. Lavenberg, 1997 |
| 攝取食物的習慣 | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Feeding habit Ref. |
| Estimation method | 最初的樣本 | 不捕獲族群 | 附註 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| 從食物內容 | |||||
| 從個別的食物項目 | 3.83 | 0.60 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| 參考文獻 | |||||