| Ref. principal | Yamashita, Y., N. Piamthipmanus and K. Mochizuki, 1987 |
|---|---|
| Notas | In coastal waters (Refs. 122831, 122832). Lives in sandy and muddy areas (Ref. 9137) from coastal inlets to deeper waters (Ref. 559). Also inhabits coral reefs (Ref. 58534). Exhibits the black gut phenomenon. In nocturnal predators, it appears to serve to conceal bioluminiscent prey in the stomach cavity (Ref. 46685). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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| Substrato | Soft Bottom Hard Bottom: rocky; |
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | Letourneur, Y., P. Chabanet, P. Durville, M. Taquet, E. Teissier, M. Parmentier, J.-C. Quéro and K. Pothin, 2004 |
| Habitats especiais | Coral Reefs; |
| Special habitats Ref. | Letourneur, Y., P. Chabanet, P. Durville, M. Taquet, E. Teissier, M. Parmentier, J.-C. Quéro and K. Pothin, 2004 |
| Ref. | |
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| Associações | |
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| Comentários sobre associação | |
| Parasitismo |
| Tipo de alimentação | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | Yamashita, Y., N. Piamthipmanus and K. Mochizuki, 1987 |
| Hábito alimentar | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Feeding habit Ref. | Masuda, H. and G.R. Allen, 1993 |
| Estimation method | Amostra original | População virgem (não pescada) | Nota | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| Da composição da dieta | 3.65 | 0.47 | 3.40 | 0.35 | Troph of juv./adults from 1 study. |
| Dos itens alimentares individuais | 3.32 | 0.42 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| Ref. | Yamashita, Y., N. Piamthipmanus and K. Mochizuki, 1987 | ||||