Main Ref. | Sierra, L.M., R. Claro and O.A. Popova, 1994 |
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Remarks | Found on the outer continental and insular shelves and upper slopes in depths of 100 to 400 (Ref. 11230, 13573, 75154), also inshore and down to 1,000 m (Ref. 6871, 11230). Feeds on small sharks and rays, small bony fish, shrimps, crabs, lobsters, squid, and cuttlefish (Ref. 5578). Benthic (Ref. 128298). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Benthic; |
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Substrate Ref. | Başusta, N., 2016 |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
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Associations | |
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Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Cortés, E., 1999 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Macpherson, E., 1989 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 4.16 | 0.36 | 4.06 | 0.53 | Troph of juv./adults from 1 study. |
From individual food items | 4.27 | 0.64 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Cortés, E., 1999 |