Main Ref. | Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 1991 |
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Remarks | Occurs in springs and spring-fed streams, usually over gravel (Ref. 5723, 86798). Feeds on midge larvae supplemented with isopods, oligochaetes, hemipterans, and snails (Ref. 10294). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | : sand ( coarse, );: rocky; |
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Substrate Ref. | Etnier, D.A. and W.C. Starnes, 1993 |
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Special habitats Ref. |
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Associations | |
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Parasitism |
Feeding type | |
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Feeding type Ref. | |
Feeding habit | |
Feeding habit Ref. |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 3.23 | 0.45 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. |