Main Ref. | Grove, J.S. and R.J. Lavenberg, 1997 |
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Remarks | Inhabits shallow waters, over rocky or coral reefs separated by sandy areas (Ref. 9311). Feeds on small invertebrates found in the sand (Ref. 9311). Mobile invertebrate feeder (Ref. 57615). Large specimens in the Gulf of California are known to feed on small blennioid fishes (Ref. 28023). Buries itself in the sand when disturbed and at night to sleep (Ref. 9311). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Soft Bottom: sand; Hard Bottom: rocky; |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | Coral Reefs; |
Special habitats Ref. | Dominici-Arosemena, A. and M. Wolff, 2006 |
Ref. | |
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Associations | solitary; |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | Solitary (Ref. 5227). |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Grove, J.S. and R.J. Lavenberg, 1997 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 3.85 | 0.57 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. |