| Ref. principal | Courtenay, W.R. and H.F. Sahlman, 1978 |
|---|---|
| Notas | Found over sandy and rubble bottoms; occasionally on coral reefs and rocky areas (Ref. 3798). Rarely in clear oceanic insular areas (Ref. 5217). Juveniles encountered near the shore, over sandy bottoms near seagrass beds (Ref. 9626). Feeds on benthic invertebrates (Ref. 3798). Carnivore (Ref. 57615). Crepuscular to nocturnal predators of bottom animals (Ref. 40396). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
|
|
|
|
| Substrato | : sand; Hard Bottom: rocky; rubble; |
|---|---|
| Substrato Ref. | Courtenay, W.R. and H.F. Sahlman, 1978 |
| Special habitats | Coral Reefs; |
| Habitats especiais Ref. | Dominici-Arosemena, A. and M. Wolff, 2006 |
| Ref. | |
|---|---|
| Associações | schooling; |
| Associado a | Cleaned by Elacatinus figaro observed off the coast of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil (Ref. 40102). Often found in schools (Ref. 3798). |
| Observações da associação | |
| Parasitism |
| Tipo de alimentação | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Tipo de alimentação Ref. | Courtenay, W.R. and H.F. Sahlman, 1978 |
| Hábito alimentar | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Hábito alimentar Ref. | Dominici-Arosemena, A. and M. Wolff, 2006 |
| Estimation method | Amostra original | População virgem (não pescada) | Nota | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| Da composição da dieta | 3.73 | 0.22 | Troph of juv./adults from 1 study. | ||
| Dos itens alimentares individuais | 3.50 | 0.37 | Tentative trophic level derived from 1 + troph of a single food item | ||
| Ref. | Gómez-Canchong, P., L. Manjarrés M., L.O. Duarte and J. Altamar, 2004 | ||||