Main Ref. | Chen, H.-M., K.-T. Shao and C.T. Chen, 1994 |
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Remarks | Fiercely territorial. Associated with Labroides dimidiatus, which feeds on its gill parasites (Ref. 129713). Dwells in coral (Also Ref. 129713) and rocky reefs, in dark holes and deep caves. Predator. Reportedly has mutualistic associations with spiny lobsters. Feeds on octopuses, finfishes and marine invertebrates (Ref. 9773). Inhabits reef flats and outer reef slopes of continental reefs. One of the two largest of Indo-Pacific morays. Feeds on cephalopods and small fishes. |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Benthic; Hard Bottom: rocky; |
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Substrate Ref. | Al-Abdessalaam, T.Z.S., 1995 |
Special habitats | Coral Reefs; Other habitats: other invertebrates (Corals.); |
Special habitats Ref. | Flandinette, P., 2022 |
Ref. | Flandinette, P., 2022 |
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Associations | mutualism; |
Associated with | unspecified gill parasites; Labroides dimidiatus (Ref. 129713). Spiny lobsters receive protection and act as bait while the species feeds on lobster predators, usually octopuses (Ref. 9773). |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Sommer, C., W. Schneider and J.-M. Poutiers, 1996 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Sommer, C., W. Schneider and J.-M. Poutiers, 1996 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 4.39 | 0.51 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. |