Main Ref. | Iglesias, R., L. Centeno, N. García and J.M. García-Estévez, 2013 |
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Remarks | Common inshore and intertidal species, under stones and in pools on sheltered rocky shores with much weed cover (Ref. 122774). Also found on seagrass beds (Ref. 122775). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Hard Bottom: rocky; |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | Beds: rock; sea grass; |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Moreira, F., C.A. Assis, P.R. Almeida, J.L. Costa and M.J. Costa, 1992 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Moreira, F., C.A. Assis, P.R. Almeida, J.L. Costa and M.J. Costa, 1992 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 3.30 | 0.45 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. |