Main Ref. | McDowall, R.M., 1990 |
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Remarks | Occurs in various habitats such as small hypertrophic lakes, large oligotrophic lakes and lower reaches of rivers. Amphidromous. Feeds on a wide variety of benthic invertebrates. |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | McDowall, R.M., 1990 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | McDowall, R.M., 1990 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 3.28 | 0.13 | 3.16 | 0.35 | Troph of juv./adults from 6 studies. |
From individual food items | 3.38 | 0.44 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Sagar, P.M. and G.A. Eldon, 1983 |