Main Ref. | Pushchina, O.I., 2000 |
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Remarks | Dwells in sandy and/or muddy substrates, at depths greater than 30m (Ref. 128567). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Benthic; Soft Bottom: sand; mud; |
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Substrate Ref. | Kang, M.-G., S.-H. Lee, M.-J. Kim, S.-N. Kwak, I.-S. Han and J.-M. Park, 2023 |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Pushchina, O.I., 2000 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Pushchina, O.I., 2000 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 3.17 | 0.08 | 3.06 | 0.21 | Troph of juv./adults from 10 studies. |
From individual food items | 3.20 | 0.43 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Pushchina, O.I., 2000 |