Main Ref. | Kailola, P.J., M.J. Williams, P.C. Stewart, R.E. Reichelt, A. McNee and C. Grieve, 1993 |
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Remarks | Larvae inhabit seagrass beds, moving out of them into mangrove-lined creeks and estuaries during their first year (Ref. 6390). Luderick are moderately sedentary, schooling fish. They do however, move between and within estuaries and coastal lakes, with a more pronounced movement or migration occurring prior to spawning (Ref. 5962, 28604, 28605). They are daytime foragers which rove about in large groups browsing over algal beds in shallow water (Ref. 26966). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Hard Bottom: rocky; |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | Beds: sea grass; |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly plants/detritus (troph. 2-2.19) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Russell, B.C., 1983 |
Feeding habit | grazing on aquatic plants |
Feeding habit Ref. | Russell, B.C., 1983 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 2.09 | 0.09 | 2.00 | 0.02 | Troph of adults from 2 studies. |
From individual food items | 2.47 | 0.24 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Choat, J.H. and K.D. Clements, 1992 |