| Main Ref. | Yoshiyama, R.M. and J.D.S. Darling, 1982 |
|---|---|
| Remarks | Occurs in inshore rocky areas in algae, usually on exposed coast. |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
|
|
|
|
| Substrate | Hard Bottom: rocky; |
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | |
| Special habitats | |
| Special habitats Ref. |
| Ref. | |
|---|---|
| Associations | |
| Associated with | |
| Association remarks | |
| Parasitism |
| Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | Yoshiyama, R.M. and J.D.S. Darling, 1982 |
| Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Feeding habit Ref. | Boyle, K.S. and M.H. Horn, 2006 |
| Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| From diet composition | 3.44 | 0.24 | 3.09 | 0.15 | Troph of juv./adults from 1 study. |
| From individual food items | 3.06 | 0.26 | Tentative trophic level derived from 1 + troph of a single food item | ||
| Ref. | Boyle, K.S. and M.H. Horn, 2006 | ||||