Main Ref. | Skelton, P.H., 2001 |
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Remarks | Occurs mostly in coastal and lowland areas but may penetrate some distance inland (Ref. 32965). Occurs in both clear and brown-stained waters (Ref. 93592, 93822). Widespread in lakes and rivers (Ref. 3563), which may be either acid (pH 5-6,5) or alkaline (pH 8-9) (Ref. 93592, 93822). Occurs in flowing or standing waters but favours gentle currents within shelter of banks near the head of pools (Ref. 3563, 52193). Extremely hardy fish that occupies a wide range of habitats and that is able to adapt to a wide variety of environmental conditions (Ref. 5214, 6164, 52193, 93591, 93592). Feeds on small drifting invertebrates (Ref. 52193). Their small size and cryptic color enable them to avoid predators (Ref. 52193). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Skelton, P.H., 1993 |
Feeding habit | selective plankton feeding |
Feeding habit Ref. | Skelton, P.H., 1993 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 3.50 | 0.37 | Tentative trophic level derived from 1 + troph of a single food item | ||
Ref. |