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Ecology of Gadus chalcogrammus
 
Main Ref. Livingston, P.A., 1993
Remarks Pelagic species which employs different foraging styles under different food distributions (Ref. 30688). Feed mainly on krill. Also feed on zooplankton such as copepod, small shrimp, squid and small fish (Ref. 39882). Cannibalistic (Ref. 43846). Length range, (FL: 10 to 78.1 cm) of walleye pollock consumed by Steller sea lions in Southeast Alaska between 1994 to 1999 (Ref. 53504).

Aquatic zones / Water bodies

Marine - Neritic Marine - Oceanic Brackishwater Freshwater
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies
  • supra-littoral zone
  • littoral zone
  • sublittoral zone
  • epipelagic
  • mesopelagic
  • epipelagic
  • abyssopelagic
  • hadopelagic
  • estuaries/lagoons/brackish seas
  • mangroves
  • marshes/swamps
  • rivers/streams
  • lakes/ponds
  • caves
  • exclusively in caves
Highighted items on the list are where Gadus chalcogrammus may be found.

Habitat

Substrate
Substrate Ref.
Special habitats
Special habitats Ref.

Associations

Ref.
Associations
Associated with
Association remarks
Parasitism

Feeding

Feeding type mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up)
Feeding type Ref. Livingston, P.A., 1993
Feeding habit hunting macrofauna (predator)
Feeding habit Ref. Livingston, P.A., 1993
Trophic Level(s)
Estimation method Original sample Unfished population Remark
Troph s.e. Troph s.e.
From diet composition 3.57 0.11 3.42 0.46 Troph of juv./adults from 10 studies.
From individual food items 3.88 0.74 Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine.
Ref. Yang, M.S. and M.W. Nelson, 1999
(e.g. 346)
(e.g. oophagy)
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