Main Ref. | Thollot, P., 1996 |
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Remarks | Nocturnal species which occurs inshore (Ref. 75154). Occurs among seagrasses, heavy algal growth, or rubble of shallow sheltered areas (Ref. 1602). Readily enters brackish and also found in fresh waters (Ref. 27665). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | Beds: sea grass; Coral Reefs; |
Special habitats Ref. | Gell, F.R. and M.W. Whittington, 2002 |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Thollot, P., 1996 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Thollot, P., 1996 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 3.52 | 0.45 | 3.28 | 0.27 | Troph of juv./adults from 1 study. |
From individual food items | 3.50 | 0.50 | Tentative trophic level derived from 1 + troph of a single food item | ||
Ref. | Randall, J.E., 1998 |