| Main Ref. | Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985 |
|---|---|
| Remarks | Pelagic (Also Ref. 9773) in coastal waters and a carnivore species (Ref. 9137). Inhabits inshore waters (Ref. 9773). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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| Substrate | Pelagic; |
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | Al-Abdessalaam, T.Z.S., 1995 |
| Special habitats | |
| Special habitats Ref. |
| Ref. | |
|---|---|
| Associations | |
| Associated with | |
| Association remarks | |
| Parasitism |
| Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985 |
| Feeding habit | selective plankton feeding |
| Feeding habit Ref. | Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985 |
| Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| From diet composition | 3.56 | 0.19 | 3.43 | 0.35 | Troph of adults from 2 studies. |
| From individual food items | 3.40 | 0.45 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| Ref. | Bowman, R.E., C.E. Stillwell, W.L. Michaels and M.D. Grosslein, 2000 | ||||